C. LOANWORDS OF THE 20th CENTURY

1. 1917 and after: Krysyn

Krysin (1968, pp. 67-68) offers two sources of specialized or professional words which had been borrowed into Russian before the revolution, but went into general use only after the Bolshevik Revolution of 1917.

A

agitatsiya

internatsionalizm

militarizm

anneksiya

kapitalizm

militsiya

avtonomiya

kategoriya

miting

boikot

koalitsiya

nationalizm

burzhaziya

komissar

order

demonstratsiya

komitet

organizatsiya

delegat

kommuna

proletarii

demokratiya

konferentsiya

proletariat

deputat

kontrrevolyutsioner

respublika

dezertir

kontributsiya

revolyutsioner

ekspluatatsiya

kupon

revolyutsiya

federatsiya

manifestatsiya

sabotazh

imperializm

mandat

separatnyi

sotsializm

B

agitatsiya

internatsional

partiya

agrarhyi

kampaniya

preferiya

aktivnyi

kvorum

proklamatsiya

boikot

kollektiv

proletariat

anarkhizm

komitet

propoganda

anakharist

konferentsiya

raion region

burzhuaziya

kooperatsiya

revolyutsiya

byurokratiya

mandat

sabotazh

demokratiya

marksizm

shtreikbrekher

demonstratsiya

miting

sotsializm

direktivy

natsionalizatsiya

terror

diskussiya

orator

tsenter center

ekspropriatsiya

organizatsiya

emigrant

From the mid-20's through the 1930's: Krysin (1968, pp. 85-125) describes the following borrowings of that time in great detail, giving language of origin and date of first citations.

detektiv

1926 English

patsifizm

1928 French

detektor

1928 English

demarsh

1933 French

kafeterii

1929 English

manikyur

1933 French

konteiner

1932 English

pedikyur

1933 French

biznes

1933 English

permanent

1939 French

bum

1933 English

reportazh

1933 French

dzhaz

1933 English

agressor

1939 German

dzemper

1933 English

slalom

1933 Norwegian

kokteil'

1933 English

sprint

1933 English

konveier

1933English

tanker

1933 English

konverter

1933 English

trauler

1933 English

kovboi

1933 English

tyubing

1933 English

ping-pong

1933 English

regbi

1937 English

sketch

1933 English

televizor

1937 English

spidometr

1933 English

trolleibus

1937 English

pulover

----- English

teletaip

1940 English

metro

1932-1934 French

when Moscow subway was being built (pp.98-99)

garant

1933 French

guarantor (p.112)

eskimo

------ French

Eskimo pie ice cream (p.105)

demping

1933 English

dumping goods on a foreign market by underpricing them (p.93)

spinning

------ English

spinning rod (p.102)

neutron

1938 English

neutron discovered by English physicist Chadwick in 1932 (p.99)

2. 1992: Khazanova

Professor Khazanova shows the extensive the use of foreign words in Russia today, both in business and in daily life, in the form of a humorous story written almost exclusively with Americanisms.

In articles~

a) about the market economy:

biznes-vuman

business woman

menadzher

manager

diler

dealer

menadzhment

management

distrib'yutor

distributor

nou-khau

know-how

investor

investor

profit

profit

investitsii

investment

vaucher

voucher

market

market

vorkshop

workshop

venchurnoe finansirovanie

venture financing

b. on political themes:

brifing

briefing

mentalitet

mentality

eksklyuzivnyi

exclusive

n'yuzmeiker

newsmaker

identitet

identity

pabliciti

publicity

imidzh

image

poll

poll

istablishment

establishment

reiting

rating

konsensus

concensus

spichraiter

speechwriter

lobbi

lobby

sponsor

sponsor

lobbirovat'

to lobby

c. from mass culture:

autysaider

outsider

prezentatsiya

presentation

baks(y)

bucks

rider

reader

bilding

building

sheiping

keeping in shape

biznes-shou

business show

shop-tur

shop tour

biznes-tur

business tour

shoumen

showman

dzhoker

joker

suitsid

suicide

intensiv

intensive

super-shou

supershow

kheppening

happening

tineidzher

teenager

nonfikshe

non-fiction

tok-shou

talk show

performans

performance

triler

thriller

tutor

tutor

3. 1992: Schmemann

a. Business:

Bemvushka

BMW-Beamers

kompyutery

computers

biznes

business

lazerny printer

laser printer

biznesmen

businessman

lep-top

laptop

biznesmenka

businesswoman

konvertatsiya

conversion

brokery

brokers

lising

leasing

buksy

dollars

marketing

marketing

dilery

dealers

menedzhment

management

dzhoystiki

jou sticks

press rilis

press release

floppi

floppy disks

softver

software

griny

dollars

sponsor

sponsor

investitsiya

investment

vidik

video-cassette player

holdingovie kompanii

holding companies

tserit' (short for otkseroksirovat')

to xerox

imidzh

image

b. Politics:

deputaty

deputies

oppozitsiya

opposition

konfromtatsiya

confrontation

parlament

parliament

mer

mayor

c. Culture & daily life

beisbolka

baseball cap

reybany

Ray-Ban sunglasses

enkormen

anchorman

seksshopsy

sex shops

gamburger

hamburger

sleksy

slacks

d. Phrases

effektivny instrument analiza relevantnogo aspekta

effective instrument for analyzing the relevant aspects

situatsiya normaliziruetsya

the situation is normalizing)

konfrontatsiya intensifitsiruetsya

the confrontation is intensifying

4. 1993: Gallagher

a. Business:

busines

business

kommissioner

works on commissions

diler

dealer

menedzher

manager

franchaizi

franchisee

b. Politics:

konsensus

concensus

konsolidatsiya

consolidation

korruptsiya

corruption

plyuralizm

pluralism

privatizatsiya

privatization

reketmen

bandit

c. Culture & daily life:

askat'

to beg for money on the street

drinkat' vain

to drink wine

khair

wild, hippie-type hair

hich

to hitch a ride

kis

to kiss

leginz

women's casual pants

slipsi

women's casual pants

naitat'

to spend the night

sheping

keeping in shape

shuzi

fancy sneakers

slaksi

slacks

soksi

socks